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Brussels's idea of a "wider Europe" implies that Europeanization is not limited to EU member states. The EU can, so it claims, also exert influence beyond its borders. One of the channels of external EU influence is cooperation between Europarties and parties outside the Union. Through mutual visits and joint activities, non-EU parties become internationally socialized, that is, exposed to the Europarties' norms as well as values, and experience the rules as well as practices that shape European party-building. What are the incentives for Europarties and non-EU parties to cooperate with each other? What kind of, and how much, impact did cooperation have on party development in post-Soviet Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine?
Based on eighty interviews with party officials, international donors and academics, Maria Shagina outlines the set of motivations that trigger cooperation between Europarties and non-EU parties, analyzes the impact of cooperation on party ideology, organizational structure, and interparty behavior in Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine, and explores the implications of this cooperation on the standardization, consolidation, and democratization of the non-EU party systems. Her findings shed light on how prestige and domestic factors impede the penetration of EU norms and values in the non-EU party structures, and point to the failures of Europarties to adequately address problems of party-development in Eastern Europe. The book reveals the ways in which cooperation with Europarties has paradoxically contributed to the ossification of the status quo and impaired the development as well as the consolidation of democracy in the three Eastern Partnership states.
Maria Shagina studied political science at the Universities of Lucerne, Zurich, and Birmingham as a fellow of the Swiss National Science Foundation. Her articles have appeared in the Central European University Political Science Journal, the open access journal Euxeinos: Governance and Culture in the Black Sea Region, and in the UNISCI Discussion Papers series.
List of Abbreviations
List of Tables and Figures
Foreword by Kataryna Wolczuk
Acknowledgements
1. Introduction
2. Research Framework
2.1 Theoretical Framework: Socialisation and Norm Diffusion
2.2 Explanatory Model
2.3 Case Selection and Methodology
2.4 Operationalisation
2.5 Data Collection
3. Understanding the Context of Cooperation
3.1 Historical and Institutional Development of the Europarties
3.2 Party Development in Post-Communist Countries
4. Finding Each Other: Process of Application and Identification
4.1 Application and Selection Process
4.2 Identifying a Suitable Europarty
5. Incentive Structures for Cooperation
5.1 Motives for the Europarties
5.2 Motives for the non-EU parties
6. Impact on Ideological Profiles
6.1 Ideological Match: Fitting into the European Party Family
6.2 Analysing the Ideological Match
7. Impact on Organisational Structure
7.1 Organisational Changes in Mother Parties, Youth and Women’s Branches
7.2 Analysing the Organisational Changes
8. Impact on Inter-Party Behaviour
8.1 Inter-Party Relationships between Sister Parties
8.2 Inter-Party Cooperation across the Europarties
8.3 Analysing the Inter-Party Behaviour
9. Conclusions
9.1 Key Empirical Findings
9.2 Comparative Analysis
9.3 Impact on the Party System
9.4 Impact on the Europarties
9.5 Limitations
9.6 Future Research Trajectories
Bibliography
Interviews
Official Documents
Party Documents
Literature