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Grotto Art of China
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03 February 2026

Grotto Art of China: A Sourcebook traces the origins of this unique art form from the Indian subcontinent to its monumental flowering in China, offering a comprehensive look at the artistic, religious, and historical narratives of these sacred sites.
This volume brings together contributions from leading international scholars, providing systematic studies of major cave complexes—such as Dunhuang’s Mogao Grottoes, Yungang, Longmen, and Xiangtangshan—alongside lesser-known regional sites. Organized geographically, the book traces the evolution of cave art from its origins in early Indian Buddhist practice to its adaptation in China, where it became a medium for devotion, political authority, and cultural exchange. The book explores a range of topics, including how rulers like the Northern Wei and Tang dynasties sponsored colossal Buddha images, the distinctive artistic styles and techniques across regions like Xinjiang, Gansu, and Shandong, the role of caves in Buddhist worship, and the modern-day challenges of preservation and loss.
Rigorously researched and thoughtfully curated, Grotto Art of China serves as an indispensable reference for researchers, students, and travelers. It offers new insights into the spiritual, historical, and artistic dimensions of a tradition that bridged cultures, faiths, and empires.
ART / Asian / Chinese, RELIGION / Buddhism / History, HISTORY / Asia / Central Asia
Wu Hung is Director of the Center for the Art of East Asia at The University of Chicago. His interest in both traditional and modern/contemporary Chinese art has led him to experiment with different ways to integrate these conventionally separate phases into new kinds of art historical narratives.
Katherine Renhe Tsiang is Senior Consultant , Center for the Art of East Asia Department of Art History at The University of Chicago. Her research concentrates on the fields of Chinese Buddhist art, Chinese ceramics and material culture, and cultural interactions and political rhetoric in the production of art in medieval China.
Introduction
PART 1
Chapter One: The Mogao Grottoes and Other Grottoes in Dunhuang by Wu Hung
Chapter Two:The Yungang Grottoes and Nearby Caves in Shanxi by Lidu Yi
Chapter Three: The Longmen Grottoes in Henan by Amy McNair and Zhu Pinyan
Chapter Four: The Gongxian Grottoes in Henan by Zhu Pinyan, Jinchao Zhao, and Amy McNair
Chapter Five: The Xiangtangshan Grottoes and Other Sites in Hebei by Katherine Tsiang
Chapter Six: The Tianlongshan Grottoes and Other Sites Near Taiyuan, Shanxi by Katherine R. Tsiang
PART 2
Chapter Seven: The Cave Complexes of Xinjiang by Ines Konczak-Nagel
Chapter Eight: Grottoes in Gansu by Wei-cheng Lin
Chapter Nine: Buddhist Caves, Niches and Cliff Statues in Shandong by Lidu Yi
Chapter Ten: Grottoes in Shaanxi by Li Song
Chapter Eleven: Buddhist Cliff Sculptures in Sichuan by Henrik H. Sørensen
Chapter Twelve: Grottoes in Tibet by Changhong Zhang
Bibliography
Glossary